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  • How to add CSS to a Webpage

Topics

  • CSS Introduction
  • CSS Syntax and CSS Comments
  • CSS Selectors
  • How to add CSS to a Webpage
  • CSS Color Basics
  • CSS Background Properties
  • CSS Border Properties
  • CSS Margin and Padding Properties
  • CSS Height and Width properties
  • CSS Box Model
  • CSS Outline Properties
  • CSS Fonts
  • CSS Text
  • How To Add Icons
  • CSS Links
  • CSS List-Style
  • CSS Tables
  • CSS Display Property
  • CSS Position Property
  • CSS Overflow Property
  • CSS max-width Property
  • CSS Float and Clear Properties
  • CSS Alignment
  • CSS inline-block
  • CSS Combinators
  • CSS Pseudo Classes
  • CSS Pseudo Elements
  • CSS Opacity
  • CSS Navigation Bar
  • CSS Dropdowns
  • CSS Image Gallery
  • CSS Image Sprites
  • CSS Attribute Selector
  • CSS Styling Forms
  • CSS Counters
  • CSS Units
  • CSS Specificity
  • CSS Website Layout
  • CSS Rounded Corners
  • CSS Border Image Property
  • CSS Multiple Backgrounds
  • CSS Gradient
  • CSS Shadow Effects
  • CSS Text Effects
  • CSS Web Fonts
  • CSS 2D Transforms

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How to add CSS to a Webpage

When we add CSS in HTML file, the browser reads a style sheet, format the document according to information in the style sheet.

Following are three ways to insert CSS in HTML file.

  • External CSS
  • Internal CSS
  • Inline CSS

External CSS

With an external CSS, you can apply CSS on multiple pages. The HTML page must include a reference to the external style sheet file inside the element, in the head section.

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel=”stylesheet” type=”text/css” href=”mystyle.css”>
</head>
<body>
<h2> This is a first heading </h2>
</body>
</html>
Try it
You can write an external style sheet in any text editor, but it must be saved with a .css extension.
Here is how the “style.css” file looks like:

"style.css"

h2 {

text-align: center;

font-size:20px;

color:blue;

}

Internal CSS

Internal CSS is used to apply CSS on a single HTML document or page.
It is written inside the <style> tag within head section of html.

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
h2 {

text-align: center;

font-size: 20px;

color: blue;

}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2> This is a heading. </h2>
<p> This is a paragraph. </p>
</body>
</html>
Try it

Inline CSS

Inline CSS is used to apply a unique style for a single element. To apply inline CSS, you should use the style attribute to the relevant tag.

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2 style=”text-align:center; font-size:20px; color:blue;”> This is a heading. </h2>
</body>
</html>
Try it

Disadvantages of Inline CSS:

  • The inline CSS styles cannot be reused anywhere else.
  • To style pseudo-codes and pseudo-classes with inline CSS is not possible.
  • These styles are difficult to be edited because they are not stored at a single place.
  • Inline CSS does not provide browser cache advantages.

Multiple Style Sheets

If more than one properties have been defined for the same selector (element) in different style sheets, the value from the last read style sheet will be used.
Consider that an external style sheet has the following style for the <h2> element:
h2 {

background-color: yellow;

}
Then, consider that an internal style sheet has the following style for the <h2> element:
h2 {

background-color: red;

}

Example:

The last read style sheet will be used. So, if the internal style is defined after the link to the external style sheet, the <h2> elements will be “red”:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel=”stylesheet” type=”text/css” href=”style.css”>
<style>
h2 {

color: red;

}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2> This is a heading. </h2>
</body>
</html>
Try it

Example:

For example, if the internal style is defined before the link to the external style sheet, the <h2> elements will be “yellow”:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
h2 {

color: red;

}
</style>
<link rel=”stylesheet” type=”text/css” href=”mystyle.css”>
</head>
<body>
<h2> This is a heading. </h2>
</body>
</html>
Try it

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